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Understanding AI and Hallucinations

Explore what AI tools are, how they work, and learn about one of their key limitations: hallucinations—when AI confidently generates false or fabricated information.

Introduction to AI in academic contexts

Topic: understanding AI tools and their limitations

Overview of relevant AI tools

Below is a curated overview of conversational AI tools relevant to academic work. These tools differ in how they interact with information — use the filters to browse by category:

  • General chat — open-ended assistants for brainstorming, drafting, or explaining concepts
  • Research — tools that perform structured, multi-step research with source retrieval and citations
  • Document chat — tools that let you upload a PDF and ask questions directly about its content
  • Writing tools — dedicated editors for structuring and formatting academic manuscripts (no chat interface)
  • VU license available — tools you can access through your institutional account

Most tools offer a free version with core functionality, alongside a paid tier that unlocks additional features such as higher usage limits, more powerful models, or advanced capabilities. Select a tool to see a simulated example of what it looks like in practice. For a more comprehensive overview, see the BUas AI Tools library guide ↗.

ChatGPT
OpenAI
A general-purpose AI assistant for brainstorming, drafting, summarising, and explaining concepts across virtually any topic.
general chat
Microsoft Copilot
Microsoft
Microsoft's web-connected AI assistant, available to VU students via institutional account with data privacy protections.
general chat vu available
Perplexity
Perplexity AI
A research-oriented AI assistant that answers questions with real-time web search and automatically cites its sources.
general chat research
ChatPDF
ChatPDF.com
Upload a PDF — a research paper, textbook chapter, or report — and ask questions directly about its content.
document chat
Explain Paper
Explainpaper.com
Upload a research paper and highlight any passage you find confusing to get a plain-language explanation of that section.
document chat research
Google Gemini
Google
Google's multimodal AI assistant for text, reasoning, and planning tasks, accessible via a personal or university Google account.
general chat
Jenni.ai
Jenni
An AI writing assistant built for academic work — manage your reference library, draft with inline citations, and chat with your sources in one workspace.
document chat research
QuillBot
QuillBot AI
A writing assistance suite with a paraphraser, grammar checker, plagiarism detector, and AI chat — designed to help you refine and polish academic writing.
general chat
SciFlow
SciFlow GmbH
A structured academic writing editor for manuscripts and theses — handles formatting, references, and journal export. No AI chat interface.
writing tools
No tools match this filter.
Tool Simulated interface

Check your knowledge

Before moving on, test how well you've understood the key concepts. Choose the path that best matches your experience level: